我國快速發展變化的原因_我國快速發展變化的原因道法
從五千年的發展歷史來看，中國的領土確實是不斷向外擴大，但是擴張并非是華夏兒女的本意，是因為其他游牧民族對中原的騷擾，中原王朝才被動向外作戰，但是沒有想到中原實力太強，主動挑釁方投誠，將占據領土主動獻上以示友好，從而國土面積被動增加。外國人對此并不了解，在海外論壇，韓國網友問：中國的領土面積是怎么變得今天這么大的？我們看看具體過程。
This is an interesting topic, through the analysis of this problem. You can have a deeper understanding of Chinese culture.
這是一個有趣的話題，通過對這個問題的分析，你可以更深入地了解中國文化。
The following image shows the changes in China's territory over the past 4000 years.
下面的圖片展示了中國領土在過去4000年中的變化。
According to European values, the continuous expansion of imperial territory comes from "conquest". Powerful military machines continue to expand outward and occupy one piece of land after another. In the end, the empire grew larger and larger.
根據歐洲的價值觀，帝國領土的不斷擴張來自于“征服”。強大的軍事機器不斷向外擴張，然后占領一塊又一塊土地。最終，帝國變得越來越大。
Yes, this rule applies to most empires in world history. However, it is not appropriate to place it on China.
是的，這條規則適用于世界歷史上的大多數帝國。然而，把它放在中國身上是不太合適的。
China's territorial sources are diverse, and the proportion of 'conquest' is not significant.
中國的領土來源多種多樣，“征服”的比例并不大。
1. 夏 Xia Dynasty (2031 BC)
This is the first dynasty in Chinese history with clear records.
這是中國歷史上第一個有明確記載的王朝。
From the map, it can be seen that the influence of the Xia Dynasty was limited to present-day Henan Province in China.
從地圖上可以看出，夏朝的影響范圍很小，僅限于今天的中國河南省。
Because that was a long time ago, historians were unable to understand the situation of the Xia Dynasty clearly. At present, people believe that there are many unmanned areas around it, as well as some weaker tribes than the Xia Dynasty.
因為那是很久以前的事了，歷史學家無法清楚地了解夏朝的情況。目前人們認為，它周圍有許多無人區，還有一些比夏朝更弱的部落。
For now, we will take the Xia Dynasty as the starting point of China's territory.
就目前而言，我們將把夏朝作為中國版圖的起點。
2. 商 Shang Dynasty (1286 BC)
Due to the excavation of Yin Ruins and oracle bone inscriptions, the Shang Dynasty has been fully confirmed by archaeologists.
由于殷墟和甲骨文的出土，商代已經得到了考古學家的充分確認。
The oracle bone inscriptions recorded the relationship between the Shang Dynasty and neighboring countries, as well as war and peace.
甲骨文記載了商朝與周邊國家的關系，記載了戰爭與和平。
The territory of the Shang Dynasty was more accurate than that of the Xia Dynasty.
商代的疆域比夏朝的疆域更準確。
From the map, it extends eastward to the sea. But these lands were not completely conquered. Historical literature records that the Shang tribe was located in the east of Xia. Therefore, the territory of the Shang Dynasty was a merger of the original territory after replacing the Xia Dynasty.
從地圖上看，它向東延伸到大海。但這些土地并沒有完全被征服。歷史文獻記載“商部落在夏之東”。因此，商朝的疆域范圍是取代夏朝后對原有疆域的合并。
According to historical records, "After Pan Geng moved his capital to Yin, some tribes around him came to seek refuge with the Shang King
史料記載：“盤庚遷都殷后，周圍一些部落都來投靠商王
Therefore, the territorial expansion of the Shang Dynasty was supplemented from three aspects:
因此，商王朝的領土擴張從三個方面獲得了補充：
1. Shang tribe's own territory, accounting for 50%
1.商部落自己的領地，占50%
2. Cultural influence makes the surrounding small tribes join, accounting for 25%
2.文化影響使周邊小部落加入，占25%
3. Unclaimed land and military conquest, accounting for 25%
3.無人認領的土地和軍事征服，占25%
3. 周 Zhou Dynasty (782 BC)
The Zhou Dynasty replaced the Shang Dynasty, and its territory also expanded to a certain extent.
周朝取代了商朝，其疆域也有了一定的擴大。
Please note that there is a piece of land connected to the west. This land is actually the land of the Zhou tribe. They defeated the Shang Dynasty from west to east. So he incorporated his own land into the land.
請注意，有一塊土地與西部相連。這片土地實際上就是周部落的土地。他們從西向東打敗了商朝。于是他把自己的土地并入了土地。
There was also a certain expansion in the north, as the Zhou Dynasty adopted a "enfeoffment system", which conferred nobility on the emperor's brothers, friends, and companions, and then granted them some land. Some surrounding tribes assisted the Zhou Dynasty in eliminating the Shang Dynasty and were appointed as nobles.
北方也有一定的擴張，這是因為周朝采取了“分封制”，將皇帝的兄弟、朋友和伙伴封為貴族，然后授予他們一些土地。周邊一些部落協助周朝消滅商朝，并被封為貴族。
Some of the land was originally owned by the Shang Dynasty, while others were originally ownerless and some even belonged to these nobles.
其中一些土地最初為商朝所有，還有一些原本是無主的，有些甚至屬于這些貴族。
Therefore, most of the land expansion of the Zhou Dynasty came from the addition of the Zhou tribe's own land and surrounding allies: the expansion of the kingdom.
因此，周王朝的土地擴張大多來自于周部落自己的土地和周邊盟友的加入：王國的擴張。
4. 秦 Qin Empire (221 BC)
The Qin Empire was the first true empire in Chinese history, achieving a management approach of "one country, one ruler". This country is managed by professional bureaucrats, and nobles no longer have leadership power.
秦帝國是中國歷史上第一個真正意義上的帝國，實現了“一個國家，一個統治者”的管理方式。這個國家由職業官僚管理，貴族不再擁有領導權力。
The territory of the Qin Empire is much larger than that of the Zhou Dynasty.
秦帝國的疆域比周朝的疆域要大得多。
This comes from 3 ways.
這有三個方面：
1. In the 300 years after the split of the Zhou Dynasty, the territories of each peripheral vassal state expanded.
1.周朝分裂后的300年里，各個外圍諸侯國的疆域不斷擴大。
2. Some countries that have independently developed in surrounding areas have automatically integrated into the Chinese civilization circle. Such as Bashu in Sichuan, Chu in Hubei, and Yue in Guangdong.
2.一些在周邊地區獨立發展的國家自動融入了中華文明圈。如位于四川的巴蜀、位于湖北的楚國、位于廣東的越國等。
Although the Chinese world is not unified, the scope of cultural influence has become larger.
雖然中國世界并不統一，但文化影響的范圍已經變得更大了。
After Qin unified the feudal states, he unified all the land. Next, the army conquered the southern border area. The territory expanded to present-day Guangxi and northern Vietnam.
3.秦統一諸侯國后，統一了所有的土地。接下來，軍隊征服了南邊的邊境地區。領土擴展到今天的廣西和越南北部。
5. 漢 Han Empire (44 AD)
The Han Empire was the first golden age in Chinese history.
漢帝國是中國歷史上第一個黃金時代。
It is also the first truly powerful empire established by the Chinese people. The Qin Empire only existed for 18 years, while the Han Empire existed for 400 years.
它也是中國人建立的第一個真正強大的帝國。（秦帝國只存在了18年，漢帝國存在了400年）。
He inherited the territory of the Qin Empire and expanded it to present-day Gansu Province and Xinjiang. The westernmost territory extends beyond today's border with China. Arrive in the Central Asian country of Afghanistan.
他繼承了秦帝國的領土，并將其擴展到今天的甘肅省，新疆。最西部的領土延伸到今天與中國的邊界之外。抵達中亞國家阿富汗。
The territorial expansion of many empires comes from two ways:
許多帝國的領土擴張來自兩個方面：
1. The war against the Huns.
1.對匈奴的戰爭。
From the early stages of peace and defense, it gradually shifted towards active attack. The Han Empire expelled the Xiongnu. Occupy the Hexi Corridor controlled by the Xiongnu and entered the Western Regions.
從和平與防御的早期，它逐漸轉向積極進攻。漢帝國驅逐了匈奴。占領了匈奴控制的河西走廊，進入西域。
2. Diplomatic mediation in the Western Regions.
2.西域外交斡旋。
The Western Region is vast and sparsely populated, and the deserts and Gobi are too vast, making military conquest uneconomical. The Han Empire used diplomatic methods to win over the 36 small countries that existed here, and carried out military strikes against the few who did not cooperate.
西域地廣人稀，沙漠戈壁太過遼闊，軍事征服不劃算。漢帝國用外交手段拉攏了這里存在的36個小國，并對少數不合作的國家進行了軍事打擊。
Eventually they all surrendered to the Han Empire and became part of the indirect control of the Han Empire.
最終，他們都向漢帝國投降，成為漢帝國間接控制的一部分。
5. 三國 Three Kingdown (230 AD)
China's territory has not always been expanding. When the empire collapses and enters a cycle of division, the territory will shrink.
中國的領土并不總是在擴張。當帝國崩潰并進入分裂循環時，領土就會縮小。
This is the Three Kingdoms period, when the Han Empire collapsed. The Chinese world is composed of three parts: Wei, Shu, and Wu.
這是三國時期，漢帝國崩潰了。中國世界由魏、蜀、吳三部分組成。
Due to the decline in overall strength, their territory has shrunk much compared to that of the Han Empire.
由于整體實力的下降，他們的領土與漢帝國相比已經縮小了很多。
Especially in the north, Wei Kingdom could no longer control the vast no-man's land and grasslands.
尤其是在北方，魏國再也無法控制廣闊的無人區和草原。
Only the Shu Kingdom in the south expanded a little, due to Zhuge Liang's conquest of the southwestern mountains.
由于諸葛亮征服了西南山區，只有南方的蜀國略有擴張。
6、南北朝 Northern and Southern Dynasties (352 AD)
More interestingly, division and weakness can also lead to territorial expansion. China's division lasted for 200 years, entering the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
更有趣的是，分裂和軟弱也會導致領土擴張。中國的分裂持續了200年，進入南北朝時期。
At this time, many new ethnic groups from the north entered China. They brought people, cows, and sheep and established a small kingdom. By the way, they also brought broader land.
在這個時候，許多來自北方的新民族進入了中國。他們帶來了人、牛和羊，建立了小王國。順便說一句，他們還帶來了更廣闊的土地。
Looking at this map, pink, blue, and green all extended beyond the boundaries of the Han Dynasty. These are from northern nomadic peoples, such as Di people, Qiang people, and Xianbei people.
在這張地圖上，粉色、藍色和綠色都延伸到了漢朝的邊界之外。這些人來自北方游牧民族，如狄人、羌人和鮮卑人。
Although the empire was divided, the scope of cultural influence expanded once.
盡管帝國在分裂，但漢文化影響的范圍一度擴大。
7、隋唐 Sui Empire And Tang Empire(600 AD)
1. This was the territory directly controlled by the Tang Empire
1.這是唐帝國直接控制的領土
1. This is the territory under the direct and indirect control of the Tang Empire.
1.這是唐帝國直接和間接控制的領土。
After a brief transition from the Sui Empire, China entered the period of the Tang Empire.This is the second golden age in Chinese history.
中國從隋帝國短暫過渡到唐帝國，這是中國歷史上的第二個黃金時代。
The empire's military and cultural power reached unprecedented heights.
帝國的軍事和文化力量達到了前所未有的高度。
They not only integrated the land brought by foreign ethnic groups during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, but also expanded their control to present-day Russia and Kazakhstan through diplomacy, intimidation, and military garrison.
他們不僅整合了南北朝時期外國民族帶來的土地，還通過外交、恐嚇和軍事駐軍將控制范圍擴大到今天的俄羅斯和哈薩克斯坦。
The vast territory of the Tang Empire came from two ways：
唐帝國的遼闊疆域來自兩個方面：
1. The joining-integration of foreign nationalities during the Northern and Southern Dynasties
1.南北朝時期外國民族的融合
2. Direct military conquest. The Western Regions that were indirectly controlled by the Han Dynasty were all conquered militarily during the Tang Empire.
2.直接軍事征服。漢朝間接控制的西域，在唐帝國時期都是軍事征服的。
3. Political and military control over external countries, mainly the northern grasslands, southern Siberia and other regions.
3.對外部國家的政治和軍事控制，主要是北方草原、西伯利亞南部等地區。
8、宋、金和西夏 Song Dynasty, Jin Dynasty and Xixia Dynasty periods（1129AD）
This is another period of empire fragmentation.
這是帝國分裂的又一個時期。
The land in the south is controlled by the Han people, their country is called the Song Dynasty, the north is controlled by the Jurchens, who established the Jin Dynasty, and the west is controlled by the Dangxiang people, who established the Xixia Dynasty.
南方的土地由漢族控制，他們的國家被稱為宋朝，北方由女真人控制，女真人建立了金朝，西部由黨項人控制，黨項人建立了西夏王朝。
The northern grasslands and western regions controlled by the Tang Empire were out of control at this time.
唐帝國控制的北方草原和西部地區在這個時候已經失去了控制。
Three nations established three kingdoms, and history seemed to have returned to the Three Kingdoms period.and China's territory has shrunk again.
三個民族建立了三國，歷史似乎又回到了三國時期，中國的領土又縮小了。
9、元朝 Yuan Empire（1296AD）
The Mongol Empire conquered the Jin Dynasty and the Western Xia Dynasty. But he failed in the process of conquering the Song Dynasty, and Meng Ge Khan died in battle.
蒙古帝國征服了金朝和西夏。但他在征服宋朝的過程中失敗了，蒙哥可汗戰死沙場。
Afterwards, four princes divided the Mongol Empire. One of the most famous is called Kublai Khan. With the support of a group of Han staff, he established the Yuan Dynasty on the territory of the original Jin Dynasty. And relaunched the conquest of the Song Dynasty.
后來，四位王子瓜分了蒙古帝國。其中最著名的就是忽必烈。在一批漢族幕僚的支持下，他在原金朝的領土上建立了元朝。并重新發動了對宋朝的征服。
In the end, the Yuan Dynasty won and the Yuan Empire was established.
最終，元朝取得了勝利，大元建立了。
As can be seen from the map, the territory of the Yuan Empire was very large. This is because it not only integrated the previous three dynasties, but also incorporated a large area of northern and western territory from the Mongol Empire into China.
從地圖上可以看出，元帝國的疆域是非常大的。這是因為它不僅融合了前三個朝代，而且還融合了大面積的??從蒙古帝國進入中國的北部和西部領土。
China's territory has reached the largest extent in history.
中國的領土面積達到了歷史上最大的。
But the Yuan Empire only lasted 93 years before collapsing.
但元帝國只維持了93年就崩潰了。
10、明朝 Ming Empire（1410AD）
The collapse of the Yuan Empire was accompanied by the rise of the Ming Empire.
元帝國的崩潰伴隨著明帝國的崛起。
This was the third large-scale empire established by the Han people on Chinese soil. China has entered its third golden age.
這是漢族在中國土地上建立的第三個大規模帝國。中國已進入第三個黃金時代。
The Ming Empire inherited most of the territory of the Yuan Empire. But the emperor believed that controlling the grasslands in the north where cattle could only be raised would cost the empire too much wealth. Militarism is not good for the country. So they gave up control of the grasslands. A new Great Wall was built to separate the agricultural south from the nomadic north. They set their sights on the ocean, and Zheng He's era of great voyages began.
明朝繼承了元朝的大部分領土。但皇帝認為，控制北方只能養牛的草原會讓帝國損失太多財富。軍國主義對國家不利。所以他們放棄了對草原的控制。修建了一座新的長城，將南方的農業區與北方的游牧區分隔開來。他們把目光投向了大海，鄭和的偉大航海時代開始了。
Compared with the period of the Yuan Empire, the territory of the Ming Empire actually shrank.
與元帝國時期相比，明帝國的疆域實際上縮小了。
11、清朝 Qing Empire（1847AD）
The Manchus rose in the northeast of the Ming Dynasty. They first conquered the entire Mongolian grassland. When the Ming Empire collapsed, the Manchus took the opportunity to enter the anarchic Central Plains. They established a new empire and unified China.
滿人在明朝的東北崛起。他們首先征服了整個蒙古草原。當明帝國崩潰時，滿人趁機進入了無政府的中原。他們建立了一個新帝國，統一了中國。
It not only inherited the territory of the Ming Empire, but also integrated the territory of the Mongols with that of the Western Regions. This allowed China's territory to be re expanded to the level of the Yuan Dynasty.
它不僅繼承了明帝國的疆域，還將蒙古人的疆域與西域的疆域融合在一起。這使得中國的版圖得以重新擴展到元朝的水平。
The Qing Empire was the last ancient empire in Chinese history.
清帝國是中國歷史上最后一個封建帝國。
The territorial expansion of the Qing Empire relative to the Ming Empire mainly came from the annexation of northern territories.
清帝國相對于明帝國的領土擴張主要來自于對北方領土的吞并。
